The objective of this paper is to analyze the reaction of the political system to the positions of the Judiciary, notably those of a guarantor nature, with regard to fundamental rights and guarantees (backlash effect). Based on the conceptualization of the backlash effect, one wonders, primarily, whether this type of legislative reaction occurs in Brazil. From this, through the contextualization of the institute and examination of concrete situations, the legality and legitimacy of such reactive behaviors is investigated. The work is constructed by the narrative-descriptive methodology, developed through doctrinal works, articles, legislation, and, mainly, the mentioned jurisprudential cases.